Self-Custody
Quick definition
Holding your own keys instead of trusting an exchange to hold coins for you.
Self-custody means your Bitcoin is controlled by keys only you possess โ typically in a hardware or mobile wallet you set up yourself. 'Not your keys, not your coins' refers to the alternative: coins on an exchange are technically under the exchange's control.
Self-custody removes counterparty risk but puts full responsibility on you: lose the seed phrase with no backup, and nobody can recover the funds.